Bioecology of some introduced woody plants in Kakheti region

Abstract

The lives of the plants are very changeable and happening in the impermanent dynamical environment. The regular and sudden change makes the ecological bases to definite the organization of time and space of the life of plants.  In order to study the bioecological features of some woody plants introduced in the Kakheti region, a study was conducted in 2017-2023 on some introduced woody plants distributed in the territories of Telavi, Tsinandali (Tsinandali Park), Kvareli.   The observations revealed that the studied plants almost completely use a vegetative period. In the spring-time they blossom, in the summer they grow, at the same time, the seeds ripen and that comes to an end in autumn-winter.  The seed fullness is rarely more than 50%.  Weakly bear fruit (once in 2-3 years) Abies alba Mill., Abies balsamea Mill., Pinus sibirica Ledeb. (limited by the alkaline reaction of the soil), Pinus sabiniana Dougl. (due to drying in the phase of premature senescence), Cryptomeria japonica (limited by the alkaline reaction of the soil and due to the abundant content of carbonate salts).Many of them reproduce by self-sowing, which is the main indicator of adaptation to a new environment. e.g. Ginkgo biloba L., Cedrus deodara Loud., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Aesculus carnea Haine, and others. The study revealed that relative humidity, chemistry of the soil and age of species are crucial components for high level seed development of introductory plants. Water shortage is the most limiting factor for their growth and development in Kakheti.